Critical Review of Dementia Service User’s Experience of Care

Title: A 3000 words essay critically reviewing a service user’s journey through their experience of care In this essay I will critically evaluate a resident by the name of Tom Journey with dementia. He suffers from Alzheimer's dementia and lives in sheltered housing. I will explore issues surrounding nutrition intake, wandering, communication, incontinence and the environment that affect the client, family and staff. I will then look at the assessment process, care planning, implementing and evaluation.I will explore patient safety, intervention and the processes that managers and professionals have to undertake when managing individuals with dementia. These interventions and approaches adopted are vital when planning person centred care. In addition, due to the policy of confidentiality I would not mention the name of the organisation and persons involved. The essay will end with a conclusion and a summary. According to Mathers and Leanardi (2000), â€Å"Dementia is a syndro me caused by a range of illnesses and currently many are incurable, and cause progressive, irreversible brain damage.They include Alzheimer's disease (the most common cause), vascular disease, frontal lobe dementia and Lewy Body disease. Symptoms of dementia can include memory loss, difficulties with language, judgement, insight and failure to recognise people, disorientation, mood changes, hallucinations, delusions, and the gradual loss of ability to perform all tasks of daily living†,( Mathers and Leanardi, 2000). Mace and Rabin (1999) highlighted that, â€Å"the word dementia originated from two Latin words which mean â€Å"away and mind†. This can indicate a loss of memory inability to function effectively, which can result in mental confusion†.Jack is a seventy year old man with dementia. He lives in sheltered housing. He has four children two sons and two daughters. He was moved from his home into sheltered accommodation after the death of his wife Mary. Hi s condition deteriorated very rapidly and he needed extra support to live at home safely. The family was unable to adequately provide for Jack’s needs, so they decided to re-house him. The family brought Jack with them to view the flat before he was moved in. This allowed Jack the opportunity to meet the staff and get familiar with the new environment. He was brought in by is son and daughter, but his son stayed with him in the guest room for a few days to get him settled and feel comfortable. Jack was showing early signs of dementia as his communication was not clear at times and often his speech was muddled. Furthermore, his memory was poor at first as he kept asking for his wife repeatedly for examples, † where am I†, â€Å"whose house is this†, and â€Å"why am I here†. Also his nutrition was an issue as he was not eating his meals and often said he was not hungry or he would eat later. He would sometimes say take it away and feed the pigeon.Food would turn up in various places like bins, in drawers and even in his bed. Mace and Rabins (1999) mentioned that eating alone can contribute to or worsen their confusion. Incontinence was also a big concern for staff as he was constantly wet and soiled with faeces. He would choose places not suitable to use for toileting, removing his protective clothing. He was also hiding dirty soiled clothes in inappropriate places. Moreover, getting his personal care done was a big task as he was not cooperative. Beatie et al, (2005) stated that people with dementia do not know that they are not being cooperative with certain basic tasks.This could be related to my client as I observed these issues on many occasions. All these conditions have been highlighted by (Kitwood, 1997). With regard to incontinence, Parker (2000) supported that because of the dying of the brain cells, a person like Jack will not be able to independently identify the message the brain is conveying about the bowel. This p roblem was identified with Jack. Jack, as supported by Parker (2000) should be encouraged to use the toilet before and after consuming meals and drinks and should also have a regular pad change.Parker 2000 also cited that when any person in a state like that of Jack is constipated or having sluggish bowel movement, they should be offered medication like suppositories and if this does not work they should be supported by observation. When dealing with Jack who does not have mental capacity it is important to observe his actions. When he is in need of toileting he can exhibit the following actions which are non verbal such as pulling down or removing pants, or opening his fly. These actions are likely to suggest that he wants to use the toilet.Mace and Rabins (1999) argued that it can be very difficult for practitioners to achieve appropriate assessments when they are dealing with persons who are living in an independent setting. My assessment highlighted many problems such as persona l care, poor memory, poor nutrition intake, urinary incontinence, poor communication and wandering about all the time. However, this was more pronounced in the evenings. Morris and Morris (2010), Kitwood, (1997) and Algage (2006), have highlighted this problem to be â€Å"sundown syndrome†.According to Leblance (2011) he described this as onset of confusion that occurs in late afternoon and night time. Algage (2006) further stated that wandering is a way of communicating in a non verbal form by using action to correspond with others. Moreover Beatie et al, (2005) argued that patients with dementia may not be able to read signs. For example factors like the environment may cause them to be distressed and might put them at risk, (Hodgkinson et al, 2007). Some residents like Jack may have limited communication ability to verbalise what they want to do, so they just show action as a way of communicating.For example, the sign posts, symbols and photographic pictures might not appe al to them because of their limited ability to focus on details, (Hodgkinson et al, 2007). Beatie et al, (2005) and Fox and Wilson (2007) have highlighted that living in a sheltered housing environment can be a lonely experience for many patients and this can make them feel isolated. More so, Beatie et al, (2005) mentioned that these factors might cause a patient to wander because if they feel lonely and anxious for a long period of time. They might want to find something to engage in.A person with dementia might find it difficult to sit down. For example in my observations I feel that Jack was living in a community where he had friends and family to socialise with and moving to a new place was somehow upsetting for him. Likewise changes might have caused Jack’s more loss of memory and this could be another reason why he failed to adjust to his new surrounding as cited in Mace and Rabins (1999). Moreover, in this sheltered housing there are no facilities like shops and recrea tional facilities as it is in a secluded area.Knockers (2000) mentioned about daily living activities that could have been useful to a patient with dementia like Jack. In my opinion, this would have given Jack the opportunity to engage with other residents. This would have been a great way of socialising, chatting, enjoyment and given him a purpose in life and most of all engaging his time and stop him from wondering so frequently. According to Cheston and Bender (1999) and Innes et al, (2000) the DCM (Dementia Care Mapping) is a precise framework that is important to assess patients with dementia.The DCM (Dementia Care Mapping) is an observational tool which is used in a professional setting. This tool could have been useful to Jack if he was living in suitable housing that meets his needs (Kitwood 1997, Shels 2007 and Fox and Wilson, 2000), Mace and Rabins (1999) mention that MME (Mini Mental Examination) also known as the â€Å"mini mental† is one of the tools that are use d to screen an individual’s mental ability at the onset of dementia. This tool is also known as the performance tool that allows five minutes to perform a set of precise tasks.This entails a maximum score of thirty answers to questions given. â€Å"Some of the questions are, do you know what day it is, date, month and the time, do you know what country you live, and the town. Can you spell the word â€Å"world† backwards, can you write a sentence†. Likewise, In Jack’s case he was assessed using this tool to get a precise answer to see what he can independently do for himself. In addition, Fox and Wilson (2007) argued that the assessment processes should be compiled into a feedback statement. This information should be given at the beginning and end of the assessment.Chester and Bender (2000) mentioned that feedback should be given in both oral and written statement. This is necessary for the patient and their family to adjust and come to terms with their illness, and deal with their emotions. According to Carmody and Forester (2003) the main areas of care planning are assessment, planning, evaluation, implementation and evaluation. Care plans are legal documents which should be reviewed on a regular basis for accuracy. Jack’s care plan contains some important information such as his name, date of birth, address and all information recorded was signed and dated.Likewise, May et al (2003) mentioned that a care plan should be compiled and put together the persons needs and deeds. Jack’s care plan was fully supported and some of the information included was his life history, lifestyle, health, personality, and preferences, present and future wishes. Jack’s capacity, cognitive ability and the stages he was at present were documented. Jack’s care plan contains three columns. The left column was to record Jack’s needs, the middle column gives precise information for cares to comply with, whilst the right column is to record information, sign, date and reviews (May et al, 2003).May et al, (2003) proposed that the enriched care planning was developed from the enriched model of dementia by (Kitwood, 1997). Jack care plan consists of five core areas which are reviewing, profiling, implementation, identifying needs and documenting needs. Jack care plan was fully supported by the carers. In Jack’s case his care plan was reviewed with the social worker, general practitioner, occupational therapist, dietician, warden, care manager and family and myself who is his key worker. This set out clear instructions for staff on how to personalise care for Jack.This includes, monitoring and assessing changes in his toileting, nutritional intake, communication, health and wandering. Four main calls were put in place for his main meals and regular checks to stop him from feeling lonely. Jack care plan was reviewed and implementation of safety devices was put in action to keep Jack safe. This inv olves the implementing of sensory aids and equipment that will help to keep him safe at all times and especially during the nights. This included a bed sensor and door activator that goes off when he gets out of bed and when he leaves his flat.This equipment was most useful during the nights. Reflective lighting was also put into place. It would come on at a certain time in the evening. The door bell flashing light let him know when someone was entering his flat. Picture coding colour was put on his fridge door and bedroom door to remind him where to go and what to do. Jacks’ family were in complete denial about his condition and they would often get very upset with him. They thought that their dad was trying to get back at them for moving him. One daughter was constantly fussing over him and telling him off.This made it quite difficult for staff and management to get the assessment process started. The other barrier was the staff members that were not able to support Jackâ⠂¬â„¢s family appropriately, as they were not trained adequately in dementia care. Jack’s condition deteriorated rapidly and staff was finding it quite difficult to cope with his demanding and stressful behaviour. Jack was given tablets to keep him calm, however, this medication in my observation was too strong for him and often he would sleep for long periods of time.Staff would have to wake him up for meals and before he finished his meals he would be fast asleep. In work places which are independent based, these facilities are not designed to accommodate people with certain forms of dementia and for this reason it took a longer time for Jack’s needs to be reassessed. Jack’s needs were finally met and then he was admitted to a dementia unit where he was housed, (Carmody and Foster, 2003, Jacques and Jackson, 2000). These factors can become a barrier for professional when implementing care for people living with dementia, (Jacques and Jackson, 2000).In Jackâ₠¬â„¢s case he could have benefitted from the evaluation tool to stimulate communication between staff and himself. This would have prompted his alertness and encouraged communication at meal times as observed by Shiels (2007). With reference to evaluation this process is necessary to get a direct result of Jack’s illness. This will establish how far his condition has deteriorated and the extent of his impairment and functioning. Moreover, this will identify other health problems, so that the necessary treatment and planning can be put in place to address his needs, (Mace and Rabin 1999).Jack had to undertake this evaluation and many tests such as CBC (Complete blood count) which includes a blood chemistry test, checking the liver and kidney for signs of diabetes, vitamin B12 and thyroid level . The VDRL check for syphilis and LP (lumbar puncture) investigates the central nervous system. EEC (electroencephagram) measures the brain activities. CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, SP ECT scans which are all important tests can identify the presence of a stroke. Jack was also given a neuropsychological test or the cortical test where they test his memory for writing and reasoning ability, and coordination (Mace and Rabin 1999).A psychiatric and psychosocial evaluation was also conducted by way of interviews with Jack’s family and his friend. This was vital to planning and development of care and this was also supported by a family evaluation to assess and to address their emotional, financial and physical needs, (Carmody and Forster 2003). Jack‘s condition has deteriorated even further and he has started leaving the premises through the back door. There is sensory equipment which is now in place in order to monitor his movements.Jack sometimes presses the button and it raises an alarm with the central control office. The control room staff will then contact the staff on duty to go and attend to Jack and see whether there is anything he needs. In most cases when the staff gets there, Jack will be trying to leave the premises not properly dressed. Examples being dressed in his pyjamas and bed room slippers, wearing a vest without his shirt or wearing his trouser inside out. When the staff try to get Jack to return to his flat he becomes very aggressive, shouting and hitting the staff and refusing to go back.The police on many occasions are called to search for him. AGASE (2006) indicated that wandering is associated with risk factors of getting lost and falls. As highlighted by Hodgkinson et al ( 2007) â€Å"gridlines placed on front door exits, door handles, panic button bars might be an effective way to addresses Jack’s wandering and reduce the risk of escaping†. Carmody and Forster (2003) suggest that a person like Jack can benefit from ADL (Activities of Daily Living) as this will help test his functioning abilities and performance.With regards to communication and Jack’s outburst Phillips and Penhale (19 96) argued that some people with dementia like Jack might have poor memory, limited communication ability with others. Jack is unaware of his aggression towards staff. This is not done intentionally as his brain cells are dying. Jack is unaware that he is causing harm to any one as he is simply trying to communicate. Jack will be trying to say why are these people stopping or preventing me from going to see my friends. In my observation Jack was finding it difficult to say the right word, as he was not able to understand what is being said to him.Carmody and Forster (2003) Fox and Wilson (2000) highlighted that the person who is undertaking a communication assessment needs to be a good listener and a competently trained professional. This person needs to have experiences of in dealing with different cases of dementia and know the differences between the different types. Fox and Wilson (2000) mentioned that a person with counselling skills might be able to address the needs of a pers on with dementia more efficiently. In my opinion, these skills are important when working with customers with dementia.In Jack’s case this would have been more beneficial if staff dealing with him had appropriate counselling skills. They would have been in a position to understand how to communicate with Jack as to achieve effective results. In the long run Jack was finding it more difficult to cope with every day activities. He had suffered a relapse and his condition deteriorated very rapidly and he needed more specialist care. He was not coping well and his health and safety was at risk. Jack needs were reassessed and he was no longer capable to live independently any more.Management and social worker were in the process of getting him relocated when he suffered a fall. He was taken to hospital and then he was moved into a residential home that cares for people with dementia. In conclusion, the government acknowledges dementia as a growing problem and has put strategies in place to care for people with dementia. To address Jack’s needs appropriately his care should be person centred. Jack was moved to a new home and this might have contributed to his wandering. His new setting was secluded and he had no friends to communicate or socialise with.This factor could have led to further confusion and made him feel lonely and even depressed. Although Jack was fully supported by the planning, assessment, implementing and evaluation process, his needs were slow to be addressed by the family and this posed as a barrier to Jack getting the care he required. However, the assessment procedure and progress for independent living have to be organised by many professionals. It appears in Jack’s case it was not recognised and dealt with appropriately at times. For example, the process to get a person assessed for dementia in independent housing took a long time.There were other issues and barriers that Jack faced on his journey, even though the governme nt had put these strategies in place to address the needs of people with dementia. In order to address Jack’s needs and that of other people with dementia the professionals need to adapt a person centred approach. Staff needs to be competently trained in dementia care so that they can support family and friends when a person is diagnosed with dementia. Reference Algase,D. L. (2006) What’s new about wandering? An assessment of recent studies 226 -234 [Available at: www. reo. beds. ac. uk]. (Accessed: 3/10/ 2011). Beatie,E. R. A. Song, J. And LaGore, S. (2005) A comparison of wandering behaviour in nursing homes and assisted living facilities, Research and theory for nursing practice Vol 19 No. 2. 181-196 [Available at: www. breo. beds. ac. uk]. (Accessed: 3/10/2011). Carmody, S. Forster, S. (2003) Nursing older people; a guide to practice in care home. Oxion Radcliff Publishing. Cheston. R. Bender, M. (1999) Understanding dementia: the man with the worried eyes, London. Jessica Kingsley. Fox, M. And Wilson, L. 2000) The centred advocacy for people with dementia, The journal of dementia care Vol 15 No 2. Jacques, A. And Jackson, G. (2000) Understanding dementia, 3rd edn, London, Churchhill Livingston. Hodgkinson, B. Koch, S. Nay R. And Lewis, M. (2007) Managing the wandering behaviour of people in a aged care facility 407-436 [Available at: www. breo. beds. ac. uk]. (Accessed: 3/10/2011). Inness, A. Capstick, A. And Surr, C. (2000)Mapping out framework, The Journal of dementiacare, Vol. 15 Kitwood, T (1997) Dementia reconsidered; The person comes first, Buckingham.Open University Press. Knockers, S. (2007) Capturing the magic of everyday activities, The journal of dementia care. Vol 15 No2 Leblanc, G. J. (2011) staying afloat in a sea of forgetfulness; common sense care giving, Bloomington Xlibris. Parker, T. (2000) Incontinence of faeces: the final frontier? Journal of dementiacare V0L. 8 No2 Phillips, J. and Penhale, B. (1996) Reviewing Care Mana gement for Older People, London. Jessica Kingsley Publishers May, H. Edwards, P. And Brooker , D. (2009) Enriched care planning for people with dementia , London. Jessica Kingsley

Understand the Transmission of Infection

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Transformational Leadership Plan Essay Example for Free

Transformational Leadership Plan Essay Leadership refers to a person’s ability to affect another person’s or group’s behavior in order to achieve a certain purpose.   Leadership has always been an important aspect of teamwork. In politics, sports, corporate world and all aspects of life, leadership has an important role to play. Today however, leadership needs to incorporate new and innovative methods to ensure that team members, groups and individuals are influenced by the decision of the team leader. Effective leadership is when a leader is able to have an impact of his decisions, thoughts and views on other individuals. In today’s world, leadership is playing a pivotal role in shaping organizations and ensuring goal achievement. The role of a leader is pivotal in building successful teams and achieving targets. It is through an effective leadership style and middle management cooperation that targets are achieved (Tichy Devana, 1997). Successful leadership strategies therefore need to be implemented. According to the leadership model, a successful or effective leadership strategy include the incorporation of five basic elements; emotional intelligence, relationship, teamwork, performance and operations (ETD). Emotional intelligence refers to a person’s ability to understand others. Relationship refers to maintaining a harmonious working rapport and managing emerging conflicts. Teamwork refers to including members from diverse backgrounds and inculcating the ability to adjust to with different people for a common purpose. Operation refers to managing resources and ensuring quality levels. Performance refers to the policies and procedures that measure the quality and level of output (ETD). It is the effective incorporation of all these five elements that ensures a successful leadership strategy. Other elements that should complement these basic elements include motivational tools, leadership engagement and individual development. Emotional intelligence is the key element of leadership. It is imperative that a leader understand how the other organizational members feel about a certain subject. He needs to be able to think from their perspective to understand their stance on a specific issue. Once the leader is able to relate with other members, he can develop a rapport that is going to benefit the organization in terms of goal achievement. The relationship aspect of leadership comes into play after emotional intelligence. The leader’s ability to understand members helps him build a relationship that forms the basis of the organization’s culture and working environment. It is this long-lasting relationship that allows an organization to continue operating successfully. Teamwork is the result of a relationship. It ensures that all members are fully aware of the other members’ strengths and weaknesses and complement each other’s work. It is this joint effort of team members under the supervision of a leader that ensures the successful completion of a task. The next important aspect of leadership is the ability of the leader to ensure high performance. A successful leader will not only maintain high performance standards but also appreciate the good performance of members and reward them accordingly. The last basic element of successful leadership is operations. Under good leadership high quality output and customer satisfaction will be the main objective and a leader will integrate all other elements to ensure this. Furthermore, motivational tools such as specific reward structures, employee appraisals and non-monetary rewards such as employee of the month can be used by leaders to motivate their employees. Moreover, leadership engagement which involves a leader’s constant interest in his employees induces a strong desire in the employees to perform well. Also a successful leadership strategy requires the leader to coach and teach the employees during the process to enhance the employees’ individual development. Leader participation is an important tool to enhance leadership effectiveness. According to Victor Vroom’s Leader-Participation Model, there are certain rules which determine the form and amount of leader involvement in particular situations (Robbins Judge, 2008). Therefore each situation demands a different level of leadership from the leader. An effective leader will adapt to a situation and guide his team accordingly. Another aspect of an effective leadership style is the adaptation to the team’s readiness. According to the Situational Theory of Hersey and Blanchard, successful leadership can be achieved by the selection of the right leadership style which is dependent on the team’s inclination towards a job (Robbins Judge, 2008). My main leadership strength lies in my ability to resolve conflicts and maintain a harmonious team to fulfill the required objectives. However, it is also important to allow other team members to communicate their views and ideas and therefore arguments are certainly constructive. However, if these arguments endanger team unity, I have the ability to resolve the arguments. Another strength that enhances my leadership ability is my involvement with other team members. I make sure that I apprise myself of all the activities being carried out by my team mates so that I know the progress and status of the task. I make sure that my team members understand their responsibilities and work thoroughly and carry out their assigned task keeping in consideration the final objective. Also, as a leader I sit with my team mates and share all important information regarding the project with them to ensure that they do not feel alienated. Moreover, as a leader it becomes my responsibility to give my team mates constant feedback on their work. I ensure that I take into consideration their efforts and complement them for their work. However it is also important to identify their mistakes in order for them to correct it and avoid it in future. In doing so I have to remember to not de motivate my team mates and therefore avoid using harsh tone and stay calm when dealing with them. My leadership weaknesses involve my inability to be rigid when required. My team mates often take me for granted due to my extremely flexible nature. Moreover, my negative attitude and outlook reduces my leadership potential. It prevents me from handling stressful situations effectively and managing team through these situations. This hinders my ability to look at possible solutions. Furthermore, my highly demanding nature may put constant pressure on myself and my team mates making them stressful and unable to deliver according to expectations. In order to build on my strengths a certain plan needs to be followed. The existing strengths need to be capitalized in order to make up for the weaknesses. My ability to resolve conflicts can become very useful in gaining ideas and opinions. My team mates can be allowed to openly discuss and criticize the ideas presented. This will ensure that the idea implemented is the best possible alternative. My involvement with team member can also prove to be beneficial for the team. This is because I am always aware of what task each member is performing and hence I can detect and correct errors in time. This will not only deliver the objectives in time but also result in cost saving. The sharing of information with all the team members gives them the confidence that they play an important role in the team. It also inculcates in them a sense of responsibility towards the team and also gives them a certain level of autonomy since information sharing allows them to make decisions. On the other hand, besides utilizing my strengths I also need to correct my weaknesses in order to enhance leadership skills. First I need to inculcate the habit of saying ‘No’ to team members when necessary. It is important for them to realize that there are certain rules and practices to be followed and in order for them to work accordingly, I need to communicate to them that not everything can be done according to their convenience. Furthermore, I need to think positively. As a leader it is essential that I handle difficult situations calmly and to do so I have to look at the positive side of everything. My team members look up to me for solutions in times of difficulty, therefore I have to maintain a positive perspective. Moreover, my highly demanding nature needs to be customized according to my team members’ abilities and skills. I need to understand what they can deliver in their capacity. Expectations need to be realistic and communicated to them so that they can set achievable goals. According to Fiedler’s Cognitive Resource Theory, stress has a negative impact on a situation but experience and knowledge can reduce the impact of stress on the leader (Robbins Judge, 2008).   Therefore it is necessary that I as a leader continue to expand my experience and knowledge base to avoid falling into stressful situations that can hamper the quality of the team’s work. At present my leadership lacks proper focus and direction. As a leader, I am unable to clearly set my target. However I want to become much more goal oriented as a leader. This is one of the major gaps between my current leadership and what I want to become in future. Also as a leader, my listening skills are not so effective. My impatience hinders my ability to pay full attention to what my team members say. I am quick to give my response without letting them apprise me of their views. I would like to become a leader who is creative and can continuously inspire and motivate team mates to do something new. This dynamism is what I would like to incorporate in my leadership style. Furthermore I would to inculcate in myself the ability to accept my mistakes to ensure credibility. I would want to make sure that I am not so pushy when it comes to making members work. Knowing the difference between too much work and the required amount of work is the ability that I would want to inculcate as a leader. Instead of being authoritative and demanding all the time, I would want to be more considerate and appealing. A successful leader does not only need to involve his brain in his work but his heart and soul to ensure the team is delivering (Gallos, 2008). In addition, I also want to be able to motivate my team so that they remain interested in their work. At present, I lack the skill to maintain my team’s enthusiasm. Therefore in order to be a successful leader, the gaps between the leader I am and the leader I want to be need to be closed. Firstly in order to remain focused, what needs to be done is to set a goal and then study the process required to achieve that goal. Every task needs to be subdivided to make it simpler and understandable to the team members. Next I need to improve my listening skills. It is important to make the team members realize that they are being heard and their ideas being considered. Only then will they continue to effectively participate in decision making. In order to do this, I first need to stay alert in posture and facial expression (Credit Research Foundation). Second, I have to try to avoid distraction in order to pay attention to what my team is saying. Participation from both the leader and the team in decision making is critical to leadership success therefore participative decision making should be welcomed (Nahavandi, 2008). Furthermore, to keep my team interested and passionate about a certain project, I need to remain creative. I need to be able to welcome new ways of doing the old job. I also have to learn to take risks so that as a team, we can come across new ideas making our work highly productive. It is important for a leader to welcome changes (Yukl, 1981). The main idea behind this is to discourage team members from fearing to make mistakes because only through risk and mistakes will the team learn and it is the responsibility of the leader to ensure that his team learns while performing. Also, I have to understand the capacity of each individual in my team. It is necessary that I know who is strong in what area and therefore allow each member to enhance his particular skill by working on a task he is good at. Moreover, to keep my team motivated I have to give them challenging work to allow them to grow (Credit Research Foundation). Positive reinforcement through compliments and recognition greatly enhances their morale. Recognizing an individual’s accomplishments stimulates in them a positive attitude towards their leader and their job. In order to prevent my team from taking advantage of my flexibility, I have to constantly remind them of the rules that need to be followed and also develop a habit of strictly dealing with them when necessary. In case of misconduct, I have to talk to the individual privately rather than making things worse by insulting him amidst other team members. Individual empowerment is another action element that can fulfill the gaps between the leader I am and the leader I would like to be. Empowerment refers to an individual’s complete control over his task. He needs to complete his assignment within a certain period and is accountable to the leader. However, how he accomplishes his task is for him to decide. This self autonomy gives an individual the confidence to take risks and decisions based on his own experience and abilities. It takes time to build an effective team under strong and successful leadership. Consequently it becomes a leader’s job to implement each action item at regular intervals to enhance his leadership effectiveness and the team’s productivity. Goal setting is the first action item in the leadership plan. As soon as a task is assigned, the leader should set a goal and prioritize the work. Goal setting is a major milestone and therefore careful attention should be given while defining goals and designing work break down structure. The time required for this action item may vary from project to project. Nonetheless, since it plays a pivotal role, at least two weeks should be devoted to goal setting. Next I need to alter my personal characteristics. Leadership is not only about changing the way others should work but also changing oneself to prove to be influential (Clawson, 2005).   Another week is required for me to train myself to maintain a strict aura so that team members are fully aware of their liberties. Individual empowerment requires another two weeks as it takes time to understand if members are capable of taking decisions on their own without constant guidance. Furthermore, I may also allocate another week to improve my listening skills while getting know my team mates. This week will allow me to understand their background and previous work experience. Positive reinforcement through constant feedback, involvement, monetary and non-monetary rewards is implemented throughout the time period during which a task is being accomplished. Also, it is during the process that the leader should search and explore to find out ways of motivating the team. Specific programs such as team involvement programs that allow the members to give in their feedback on concerned issues are introduced at constant intervals throughout the learning process. Therefore there is not specific deadline allocated to this action item aimed at improving leadership effectiveness. It is essential to realize there can be no specific deadline for each action item and that most of these activities are carried out simultaneously and hence one activity may be overlapping the other during a certain time period. A successful or effective leadership strategy therefore integrates a leader’s personal characteristics with his ability to adapt to his team’s requirements. A leadership strategy is successful only when it is received positively by the team and the team is influenced to work towards the achievement of the goal or objectives. Moreover, a leadership strategy is successful not only when the objectives are achieved but also when the output is of the highest quality and both the team and leader are satisfied with the end result.    References Clawson, J.G. (2005) Level Three Leadership 3 rd Edn. Prentice Hall. Credit Research Foundation. (n.d.).Improving Your Leadership Skills .Retrieved on July 22, 2008 from http://www.crfonline.org/orc/ca/ca-2.html.    ETD (n.d.). Leadership Effectiveness Model (n.d.). Retrieved on July 21, 2008 from http://www.ldi.umd.edu/LDIpages/model.htm Gallos, J.V. (2008) Business Leadership: A Jossey-Bass Reader (The Jossey-Bass Business and Management Reader Series). 2 nd Edn, Jossey-Bass. Nahavandi, A. (2008) Art and Science of Leadership. 5th Edn, Prentice Hall. Robbins, S.P. Judge, T.A.(2008). Organizational Behavior. 13th Edn. Tichy, N.M. Devana, M.A. (1997) Transformational Leader.2 nd Edn, Wiley. Yukl, G.A. (1981). Leadership in Organizations 1st Edn. Prentice Hall.

Kachrus Three Circle Model Evaluation

Kachrus Three Circle Model Evaluation The Three-circle Model of World Englishes was developed by Kachru in 1985 and it remains one of the most influential models for grouping the varieties of English in the world (Mollin, 2006, p.41). Kachru (1985) described the spread of English in terms of three concentric circles: the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle and the Expanding Circle. These circles represent the type of spread, the patterns of acquisition and the functional domains in which English is used across cultures and languages (Kachru, 1985, p.12). Although Kachrus three-circle of English is still an important initial stepping stone for the division of Englishes, drawbacks and variations have been identified by several authors, including Kachru himself (Yoneoka, 2002). The Kachrus Three-circle Model will be introduced and evaluated in this paper. In the Kachrus Three-circle Model, the Inner Circle Kachrus model refers to the traditional bases of English, dominated by the mother-tongue varieties, where English acts as a first language (White, 1997). The countries involved in the Inner Circle include the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The varieties of English used here are said to be norm providing. The Outer Circle consists of the earlier phases of the spread of English in non-native settings, where the language has become part of a countrys chief institutions, and plays an important second language role in a multilingual setting (Rajadurai, 2005). Most of the countries included in the Outer Circle are former colonies of the UK or the USA, such as Malaysia, Singapore, India, Ghana, Kenya and others (Rajadurai, 2005). The English used in the outer circle is considered as norm-developing. The Expanding Circle refers to the territories where English is learnt as a foreign language. The territories do not have a h istory of colonization by members of the Inner Circle and institutional or social role. English is taught as a foreign language as the most useful vehicle of international communication (White, 1997). The countries in the Expanding Circle include China, Japan, Greece and Poland (Crsytal, 1997). The English used in the Expanding Circle is regarded as norm dependent. The Kachrus model is in a dynamic nature. According to Kachru (1985), dividing English speakers into Inner, Outer and Expanding circles is preferable to the traditional native, ESL and EFL labels which involve the dichotomy between native and nonnative speakers (Rajadurai, 2005). English native speakers are visually not privileged since they are not placed at the top of the Three-circle Model. However, the model is not sufficiently dynamic to reflect the reality of English use in the world. It still prefers the English native speakers in the inner circle. The limitations of the model will be discussed in the following. According to Patil (2006), the model assumes that the three circles represent linguistic reality perfectly. Kachru (1985) himself has noted that the concentric circles may be oversimplified and fuzzy areas exist. Some special cases like South Africa and Jamaica are difficult to be classified. As Kachru himself has acknowledged, the fact is that the categories are not necessarily mutually exclusive and grey areas exist between the circles (Rajadurai, 2005). Apart from the fuzzy classification between circles, Tripathi (1998) points out that there are no mechanisms to differentiate varieties within a circle. Therefore, Crystal (1997) suggests not defining the boundaries of Kachrus concentric circles in such absolute terms. Kachrus model describes the Inner Circle, Outer Circle and Expanding Circle as norm-providing, norm-developing and norm-dependent. However, Crystal (1995) comments that the model cannot represent the reality of international English use because the reality is often not so clear-cut. Crystal wonders it is difficult to distinguish whether the Outer Circle looks to Inner Circle norms or it creates its own norms. Norms development is also possible in the Expanding Circle. The Three-circle Model fails to consider the growth of English in the world. It cannot account for the growing use of English, namely English as a lingua franca between speakers who do not share a first language (Mollin, 2006, p.41-42). English is now overwhelmingly widespread in international settings. It is the language choice in international organizations, companies as well as academic world (Katzner, 2002, p.39). It is also commonly used in the domains of the internet, international mass media and entertainment (Phillipson 1992). Crystal (1997, p.22) states that the speed with which a global language scenario has arisen is truly remarkable. The so called Expanding Circle of foreign language speakers included more than 750 million EFL speakers in 1997, compared to 375 million first language speakers and 375 million second language speakers. It is important to point out that the number of English users is developing at a faster rate as a language of international communication than as a language of intranational communication (Thesis, 2009). International communicat ion has become a common phenomenon between the circles and the increased mobility of people has made personal relationships across language borders (Thesis, 2009). Kachrus concentric circles seem to acknowledge diversity but little commonality across Englishes, describing the English varieties as separate (Burt, 2005). Due to the increasing international communication, the distinction between the Outer Circle and the Expanding Circle becomes fuzzy and cannot account for the growing use of English in todays world. In the Kachrus model, the Expanding Circle refers to the territories where English is learnt as a foreign language. However, because of the growth of English, the language has become a necessity in todays world; English is not only learnt in the expanding circle, or even mostly, to enable communication with the Inner and Outer Circles (Patil, 2006). The importance of English is keep increasing in the world, especially in the Expanding Circle. As a result, learning English can no longer be seen as learning a foreign language in the traditional sense (Patil, 2006). Graddol (2006) has even argued that knowing English has become a basic skill in the global world. Nunan shares the same feeling with Graddol that knowing English makes more sense than simply learning English for EFL or ESL (Robertson, 2005). The functions of English are highly restricted in the Expanding Circle which can not reflect the actual use of English. Englishes in the Expanding Circle are seen as far removed from the Inner Circle core and marginalized. As the description of the Expanding Circle mentioned in Kachru (1992), The performance varieties of English have a highly restricted functional range in specific contexts; for example, those of tourism, commerce, and other international transactions. In fact, the range of English use in the Expanding Circle has become much wider due to the increasing growth of English. There is much more use of English nowadays in some countries of the expanding circle, where it is only a foreign language à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, than in some of the countries where it has traditionally held a special place (Crystal, 1997, p. 56). For example, although Egyptian English is classified in the Expanding Circle, there are a number of Egyptian contexts, such as medicine, higher education, the sci ences, or in tourism, which extend limbs into the Outer circle as well. (Yoneoka, 2002). The above example shows that the functions of Expanding Circle English today are not as restricted as Karchru mentioned. It can be observed that there is a merging of the Outer and Expanding Circles. The Three-circle Model implies that the Outer Circle cannot merge into the Inner Circle (Patil, 2006). However, sometimes it is difficult to define which one owns English as the first language and which one knows English as a second language. There are several countries where population movement, language loss, divergent language attitudes, and massive shifts in language use have made it difficult to answer the question: What is your first language?(Crystal, 1995, p. 363). Therefore, not only the classification between the Outer and Expanding Circles, that between Inner Circle and Outer Circles can also be tough. Some researchers suggest that Kachrus Three-circle Model should not base the classification of English speakers on national identity. National identity should not be a basis of classification of speakers of an international language. The more English becomes an international language, the more the division of its speakers into native and nonnative becomes inconsistent. (Brutt-Griffler and Samimy, 2001, p.104). Refer to this problem; Rajadurai (2005) has presented a different Three-Circle Model: While acknowledging the fuzzy distinctions between circles, in principle, the inner circle could comprise all users who are proficient in English and able to instinctively codeswitch between international and national or regional varieties to communicate in the most appropriate way. The second circle could consist of speakers who are proficient only in regional varieties, i.e. native and nonnative speakers with restricted intranational proficiency, while the outer circle could be made up of le arners of the language. Although English native speakers visually do not have higher hierarchy since they are not placed at the top of the Three-circle Model, it still prefers the English native speakers in the inner circle. As Burt (2005) comments, the Inner Circle clearly establishes at the top of the hierarchy. The idea that English is someones second language implies that it is someone elses first language. It gives the impression that English belongs to the native speaker who owns it as his first language. Kachru has acknowledged that it is almost unavoidable that anyone would take second as less worthy (Kachru and Nelson, 1996, p.79). In order to ease the problem, Yano (2001, p.122-123) has suggested that the ENL and ESL circles can merge into a single ENL circle with two sets of varieties: genetic and functional ENL. To conclude, Kachru Three-Circle model has limitations to reflect the reality of English use. The model is oversimplified and the classification among the three circles is fuzzy. In fact, the three varieties are mutually inclusive and grey areas exist. Due to the rapid growth of English, English status has increased in the Expanding Circle. English is not only learnt but more widely used in different settings. The classification between the Outer Circle and the Expanding Circle becomes difficult. Therefore, the Three-circle Model should be modified to a more dynamic one to represent the actual use of English. Instead of categorizing the English speakers based on national identity, the revised model can be classified in terms of the English proficiency in international and regional varieties. More research related to World Englishes should also be conducted in the future to meet the rapid growth of English.

Evolution And Creation :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theory of evolution and creation are the same and different in a lot of ways.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lamarck was the first person to come up with a theory for evolution. There are a lot of different creation stories in the Native American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theory of evolution means that all plants and animals developed from earlier forms by hereditary communications of slight changes in the production or generations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The word evolution means“The historical development of a biological group (as a race or species) (Webster’s dictionary). The origin of the theory of evolution began with the French naturalist named Lamarck. This happened in around 1809. He said that the more an animal used its body parts the stronger they got. He also said that the less a animal used its body parts the smaller or weaker it became. He thought that these traits became hereditary. Later scientist disproved this theory when more was learned more about genes and how they work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50 years later Darwin came up with a theory that most scientist believe it to this day. this is called the theory of evolution. His book was called “The Origin of Specie.'; Alfred R. Wallace, came out with a theory that was almost identical to Darwin’s theory. Darwin’s theory was much more developed and better known. For example Darwin pointed out that farmers would take certain qualities from two different plants and mix them together and it would produce the desired plant. He believed this happened in nature also and he called it “the survival of the fittest'; or “natural selection.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a lot of different creation stories and they are the same in that since but they are all different. The creation stories start at the beginning of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The creation myth I’ve chosen to wright about is based on what native Americans believe. Here is a quote from chief Weneinock of Yakima “God created the Indian country and it was like he spread out a big blanket. He put the Indians on it . . . and that was the time the river started to run. Then god created fish in the river and put deer in the mountains . . . then the creator gave us Indian life; we walked and as soon as we saw the game and the fish we knew they were made for us. We grew and multiplied as a people.'; (Taylor Ph.D.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another creation story is from the Iroquoian mythology. They thought sky women gave birth to twins. Their names were Iouskeha and Tawiscaron. Iouskeha was the good- minded twin, he was born normal and he made plants, animals, birds and mankind.

What is Sin? Essay -- Adam Eve Religion Sinning God Essays Papers

What is Sin?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adam and Eve, the two that started it all. These two names will remain as a reminder to us forever because of their actions. Genesis chapter two talks about how man was made perfect; flawless and in God’s favor. These two individuals change how mankind would be from that time on. Sin entered the world and things began to change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before Adam and Eve’s decision there was no sin or death, because of their actions we now have to deal with both. This brings up the question of where original sin came from. We know that God cannot create evil, so it did not come from Him. He gave man free will. From this man went against God and therefore created sin. Because of this we know have inherited depravity. We can not have the relationship that God intended us to have. We now must make a choice if we are going to follow Him or not. Since Jesus’ death we can now ask Him to enter us through the Holy Spirit; God just does not walk with us like He did with Adam in the garden.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sin has been defined as many things by many groups throughout the ages. In the Old Testament it was defined as a failure to hit a mark or an attitude of rebellion. In the New Testament it is defined as failing to conform to a standard or as a condition. However, we must decide for ourselves what it means in our own lives. The Holy Spirit will guide us in our definition. Without being taught right and wrong we still are able to decipher between the two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Bible uses sin in...

Korean Traditional Architecture Essay

These days, the major talking point in design is sustainability. Then, what is sustainability and why is it necessary? Wikipedia defines sustainability as â€Å"the capacity to endure†. The term can be applied to many areas of thought such as economy, energy, life sciences, etc. It is the hot word to characterize resources. It is a descriptive word explaining a particular resource can support and replicate itself with little or no adverse impact to our ecosystem. It is necessary for extended long term survival for plants and animals that our ecosystem remains diverse. This diversity helps support life on our planet and ultimately helps support the well-being of humans. In architecture, in view of that, the Korean traditional architecture should be preserved because it is really beautiful and the most environmental friendly architecture in the world. Han-ok is the Koreantraditional style of building edifice. It is characterized by its harmony with nature. Han-ok has been reflected from the tradition, culture and socio-economic living style for a long time. Recently, this has been accentuated on the advantages in aspect of the sustainable society to make up the natural conservation. The environmentally friendly aspects of Han-ok range from the structure’s inner layout to the building materials which were used. The spaces and the materials of Han-ok are considered the representative elements providing functionality and health. The close relationship between the inside and outside area makes the air naturally circulate and natural materials such as wood, soil, rock, and paper, are all natural and recyclable and do not cause pollution have the function as natural ventilation, heat storage, and in the prevention of various illnesses. Han-ok has their own tiled roofs, wooden beams, and stone block construction. Cheo-ma is the edge of Han-ok’s curvy roofs. It can be adjusted to control the amount of sunlight that enters the house. Korean traditional paper, Han-ji is lubricated with bean oil making it waterproof and polished. Windows and doors made with it are beautiful and breathable. The posts, or ‘Daedulbo’ are not inserted into the ground, but are fitted into the cornerstones to keep Han-ok safe from earthquakes. After that, anyone talking about Han-ok cannot help but mention On-dol. The On-dol is a unique underfloor heating system which uses direct heat transfer from wood smoke to the underside of a thick masonry floor. It has traditionally been used with a living space for sitting, eating, sleeping and pastimes, in most Korean homes before the 1960s. Nowadays, most home used hot water pipe instead of On-dol because it is much simpler to install and low cost. But according to the result of the study, On-dol can provide saving of up to 20% on yearly heating costs. For a case in point, as part of its energy conservation plan, the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in France is studying the On-dol. Actually, meantime mostly Korean traditional housing was collapse recognized building of stuffy and inefficient. Collapse to remove dated of track following regard disappear to many worthy history building. However come to these days Korean traditional housing skill on the strength of something nature friendly and effect of heal. Similar to conventional building, Han-ok has a life cycle in construction, maintenance and demolition. So, we have to try to preserve and improve the main characteristic components into the environmental friendly. Also we have to understand right of our tradition, we must ready of act fast modern live. We are always thinking about the need to be in harmony with nature when we create the building or any product.

Quality Control and Business

Description of business The I-TEC Corporation is runned as a partnership of fifteen people. The numbers are important to guide the business to the right path of success. Ideas from each partner contribute to the growth of the business to new heights.The objective of the business is to provide low cost computers. It was started to address the problems that the country was facing with the â€Å"up to date† technology. If a country doesn’t have access to computers, the citizens will not be able to know what is going on in foreign countries and will be classed as â€Å"stone age†. ————————————————- Location: The business is located in Cul-de-sac which is not too far from the capitals town. It is an ideal spot because of its accessibility to transportation.Vehicles can both leave and enter the capital without the extra cost. It is also close to the docks whe re the business imports different parts for the manufacturing of the computers. It is also a government incentive, meaning the land was cheaper if the business had to purchase its own land. The type of labor needed is -professional -skilled -semi-skilled -unskilled Professional Management (1 for each sector of management)- to assist with the initial stability of the business also to check on production and marketing aspects. Skilled Workers, It technicians, inspectors, etc(5 in each department). to allow the business to be successful and to ensure that the work is being done right. Semi-skilled Drivers and transportation staff (about 12 drivers) – to ensure that products and raw material is transported in or out of the business safely. Unskilled Cleaning staff (10 to be able to cover that entire factory) – to ensure that the business is clean and a healthy environment. Sources of fixed and working capital Fixed capital started with a loan from the bank. This sum of mon ey enabled the business to cover up cost of the foundation and structure of the building, transportation and various machinery.Working capital was funded by the partner’s personal expenditure after saving money over the years and a small contribution by the bank ————————————————- As the entrepreneur I am the one with idea and goal to start off the business. Therefore I am the one how take serious accountability and inherits all the risks of the business. ROLES OF BEING THE ENTREPRENEUR -responsibility of taking the risks of owning a business -responsibility to ensure that the business is profitable ————————————————- all liabilities are directed straight to his funds ———————————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Type of production The business has a domestic range of production. Meaning that the business presently sells to the market available in the country it is situated in. after a few years, the business hopes to grow into an exporting production era, when we will sell to other countries around the world. Level of production The company has a secondary level of production. It produces products from their raw material state and then sells it to the market.Mainly the business focuses on the production of the product. In the secondary level of production, the business imports parts that are already manufactured from other companies and puts them together. ————————————————- Quality control measures Inspectors from the Bureau of Standards check the quality of products and equipment in the business. They certify that each product is of a certai n standard for the country. There are also business inspectors to ensure that the business keeps up with the quality expected.They ensure that the best type of machinery and products are bought from the top manufacturers. The business inspectors also look at products at each stage of production to provide perfect quality. Use of technology In the aspect of technology the business uses it to its advantage. Computers, security cameras, machinery controls are used on a daily basis in the company. Technology is simply needed to make the business run smother and more effective. For example, the machinery is used to make the work load on the business’ human recourses much easier.The involvement with the World Wide Web also influences the progress of the business. Linkages The business mainly focuses on its forward linkages, which is people that the business sells to. The service sector, banking, education, financial, health, helps the business grow in many ways. A forward linkage b enefits the business because it provides a steady market to sell products to the customers. ————————————————- Potential Growth Over a period of time, the business would be hoping to improve both internal and externally. INTERNALThe increase of working staff and increase in production. Develop on the products made and provide more variety of the items sold. Therefore the income earned by the business will increase. EXTERNAL The movement of location or expansion of the business. Opening more branches both locally and regionally. Government regulations Employment regulation-The business must have a regulation to permit employment to others. If not when the business employs people it would be illegal. Taxation- Taxation must be followed by all businesses to support the government to improve. This cooperation has no exception.Import and Export license- The business needs to be certified to export and import to other countries. Ethical issues Production – the business will have to have an environment friendly production plant where the emissions from the manufacturing plant will be reduced drastically. The company follows the theme less steam go green be clean. Disposal – the equipment that is not being used and the waste material is properly disposed by the company’s personal sanitation officers. Worker treatment – employees are treated with a family-like environment where each employee would feel like him or her is in a comfortable job.

Question Paper

COMMON GUIDELINES FOR MODEL QUESTION PAPER PATTERN In view of current challenges in imbibing quality in MBA education, the following changes are proposed by the Board of Examination in the Evaluation pattern of I Semester MBA from Jan/Feb 2012 examination on wards. Construct of Question Paper All 8 Modules should be given importance and questions need to be jumbled from all modules. No question should be set from practical component part of the syllabus. Theory based courses Subjects Knowledge based questions 1.Any 3 questions to be answered by setting 6 questions. 2. All modules must be given equal importance 12MBA11, 12MBA12,12MBA15 and 12MBA16 Q1- 3 + 7 +10 Q2- 3 + 7 +10 Q3- 3 + 7 +10 Q4- 5+5+10 Q5- 5+5+10 Q6- 5+15 or 10+10 Note: In 12 MBA 12, : One full question (all parts) consisting of simple problems from Mod 3 (Except Demand forecasting) and Mod 8 only to be set. Q7- a. b. c. d. 5X4 = 20 marks Q8. a. Theoretical model for analyzing case b. Sub question 1 c. Sub question 2 d.S ub question 3 5X4=20 Marks Theory+ Problem based courses (40% Theory + 60% Problems) 12MBA13& 12MBA14 Q1- 3 + 7 +10 Q2- 3 + 7 +10 Q3- 3 + 7 +10 Q4- 5+5+10 Q5- 5+5+10 Q6- 5+15 or 10+10 Note: One full question (all parts) must be full of theory only Skill based questions 1. One question Compulsory 2. Equal importance must be given for all modules Ability based question(s) Case let Compulsory Q7- a. b. c. d. 5X4 = 20 marks Q8. 10+10 or 5+15 or 5X4=20 Problem and / or theory combination. Content of Question Paper Part-A: Knowledge based questions (Q1 to Q6 – Answer any 3) A. Mark questions Short questions which demand answer not more than a paragraph and which test the understanding of concept of the contents prescribed in the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 4 minutes by an average student. B. 5 Marks questionsSemi-descriptive questions which demand answer not more than two paragraphs and which test the understanding of concept and / or scope of the concept or short problem. Answering this should not take more than 7 minutes by an average student. C. Marks questionsDescriptive questions which demand answer not more than 0ne page which test the understanding of the scope and description of the contents or moderate problem of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 10 minutes by an average student. D. 10 Marks questionsEssay questions which demand answer not more than 3 pages which test the understanding of concept with practical illustrations of the contents or long problem of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 15 minutes by an average student. E. 5 Marks questionsNarrative Essay question which demands answer not more 4 pages which test the narrative ability of student related to the concept and its scope with practical illustrations or a very lengthy problem of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 22 minutes by an average student. Part-B: Skill based questions (Q7 Compulsory) 5 Marks X 4 QuestionsThis question tests the degree of skill acquired by the student in the subject area of prescribed syllabus. This should cover the application part of the contents of the syllabus. Answering this should not take more than 30 minutes by an average student.Part-C: Ability based questions (Q8 Compulsory) 5 Marks Question – This question is to test the selection of theoretical model used in case analysis. 5MarksX3 Questions – These questions are to test ability acquired by the Students to analyze the case and to provide the trivial solutions to the case situation. Answering this should not take more than 30 minutes by an average student. Note: Refer Question Bank and model question paper(s) for more clarity. 12MBA11 MANAGING THE ORGANISATION Model Skill based questions 1. †An employee is dissatisfied as he was reporting to two bosses†. ow do you solve this problem? —-Fayal’s Principles 2. â€Å"An Honest individual is made in charge of marketing department. In due course he developed negative job efficacy† how do you address this problem? —-Role disability 3. In the sky the clouds take the different shapes of imagination. Why? ——Perception 4. Sham got his double increment in salary of Jan 2012. His motivational graph turned down by July 2012 after settling his proposed budget for that month. Describe why? —–Maslow’s 5. â€Å"Defense people are more effective than civilian† substantiate——-Leadership style 6. Modern Indian management is more powerful rather than traditional† Substantiate–Theory X and Theory Y 7. â€Å"The out punch time of a boss will be first out punch in an organization† Substantiate. — Organization Culture 8. â€Å"While reworking the defective product, more mistakes will happen† Substantiate. —Work stress 9. â€Å"The CEO is thinking of uniformity of production, where as the marketing e xecutive focus for high production to match the demand† Who is correct? Why? — Strategic and operational decision making Managing Organisations-12MBA11 Model Question paper PART- A Answer any three full questions 1 (a) Define Personality. b) What are the different types of Control? Give an example for each. (c) Explain the managerial roles expected by modern organizations. 2. (a) What is empowerment? (b) Differentiate between groups and teams. (c) Explain the personality attributes influencing OB. 3. (a) What is Esprit de Corps? (b) â€Å"Planning and Controlling are inseparable†. Comment (c ) Explain the perceptual process with suitable examples 4. (a) What is an ideal span of control? Why? (5marks) (5 marks) (3 marks) (7 marks) (10 marks) (3 marks) (7 marks) (10 marks) (3 marks) (7 marks) (10 marks) b) â€Å"Too many controls in an organization declines creativity†. Comment. ( C) An employee is extremely productive, but has been showing signs of work str ess and is facing problems adapting to organization culture. As a manager how would you handle this employee? (10 marks) 5. (a )State the techniques used in decision making? Which technique will you adopt? (5 marks) (b) Write a note on contribution of Peter F Drucker to the evolution of management thought. (5 marks) (C)State the different types of organization structures in use? Explain any one 6. (a) What are the dimensions of emotional intelligence ? b) State any five principles of Henry Fayal. (c ) Explain the role of emotions in the formation of attitude . (10 marks) (5 marks) (5 marks) (10 marks) PART- B ( compulsory) 4X5 Marks=20 7. (a). Abnormal features always have long perceptivity. Why? (b) Setting objective in advance and chasing is good for Individual and organization. Substantiate (c) It has often been stated that most work within an organization is done informally. Comment (d) In modern organization, the employee and employer relationship is mandatory. However, the con flicts arise. How do you resolve this? 8. Case Study PART- C (compulsory) Mr.Ranjan Kumar is the Managing Director of a soap manufacturing company. To increase sales, the Board of Directors wanted to start a full fledged marketing department; Mr. Kumar is entrusted with the task of finding a suitable candidate to head the proposed marketing department. After considering a number of candidates, he has narrowed down his choice to two persons: Vishwanath Dutt and Rajnarain. Mr. Vishwanath Dutt has excellent track record in the company. During his fruitful association with the company, to be precise 10 years, he has always shown a high degree of enthusiasm and initiative in his work.He is still young (35 years) dynamic and aggressive. He is result oriented and he is more interested in ends rather than means. One of the workers testifying his leadership quality remarked thus: â€Å"Though he is harsh at times you will know where you stand when you work with him. When you have done a goo d job, he lets you know it†. Mr. Dutt is willing to shoulder additional responsibilities. He decides things quickly and when action is required. He is „always on his toes?. During his fifteen years tenure in the company, Mr. Rajnarain has endeared himself to all his colleagues by his superior workman ship and pleasing manners.He always believes in the principle of employee participation in the decision making process. Unlike Mr. Dutt, he encourages his subordinates to come out with innovative ideas and useful suggestions. Before arriving at a decision he always makes it a point to consult his subordinate. Not surprisingly, all his subordinates are very pleased to work under him and praise his leadership qualities. Company records also bear evidence for the increase in the production soon after Rajnarain became the head of his department. Questions: a. b. c. d. (5X4=20 marks)State the theoretical model used to analyze this case. Analyze the leadership qualities and styles of Mr. Dutt. Analyse the leadership qualities and styles of Mr. Rajnarain. Whom do you recommend for the position of marketing manager? Why? 12MBA12-Managerial Economics Some Skill Based Sample Questions and Problems 1. Prospective car buyers are sometimes confronted by sales representatives who argue that they can offer a vehicle that is Honda Civic as good as a BMW, but at one-half the price. Use the indifference concept to explain why the claims of the sales representative are not credible. 2.Following a price change for Diet Coke, explain how retailers use sales information to learn if Lays snack chips represent a complement or substitute for Diet Coke. 3. During the past 40 years the average price of a new single-family home has risen by a factor of ten, making the cost of housing prohibitive for many Indians. Over the same time frame, however, the number of units sold per year has more than doubled. Are these data inconsistent with the idea of a downward-sloping demand curve for new housing? 4. What would an upward-sloping demand curve imply about the marginal utility derived from consumption?Why aren't upward sloping demand curves observed in the real world? 5. Forecasting the success of new product introductions is difficult. Describe some of the economic factors that a firm might consider in forecasting sales for a new tooth paste. 6. Individual consumer demand declines for inferior goods as personal income increases because consumers replace them with more desirable alternatives. Is an inverse relation between demand and national income likely for such products? 7. The price a firm receives for its product is Rs. 50 per unit. Its total cost function is 8000 + 10Q. At what quantity do total costs equal total revenues? 8.KSRTC (Volvo Service) have a capacity to carry a maximum of 10,000 passengers per month from Bangalore to Hyderabad at a fare of Rs. 600. Variable costs are Rs. 100 per passenger and fixed costs are Rs. 30,000 per month. How many pass engers should be carried per month to break even? 9. Suppose you are a sales manager of an organization. Explain how the analysis of demand contributes to business decision making, in the light of the responsibilities of a managerial economist/sales manager 10. Mr. Balakrishnan, the research manager for marketing at the Maruti Udyog Limited has specified the following demand function for Maruti Alto K10 in India:Qm= f (Pm,N,I,PH,PG,A P1) Where Qm, is the quantity demanded of Maruti Alto K10 per year, Pm is the price of Maruti Alto K10, N is population, I is the disposable income, PH is price of Hyundai, PG is price of gasoline, A is the amount of advertisement on Maruti Alto K10 and P1 is credit incentive to purchase Maruti Alto K10. Indicate whether you expect each independent or explanatory variable to be directly or inversely related to the quantity demanded of Maruti Alto K10 and the reason for your expectation. 11.Construct a hypothetical cost schedule and bring out the cost ou tput relationships in the short run between output and TC, TFC, TVC, AC, AFC, AVC 12. The demand function for Pepsi in Bangalore city is Q=400-4P Where, Q=Quantity demanded of Pepsi (in „000 bottles per week), P=Price of Pepsi per bottle, Construct a demand curve assuming price Rs. 10, 12, 15, 20 and 25 per bottle 13. A firm manufactures cars at its plant in India. At a capacity of 100 cars per week it knows that it has an assembly cost of Rs. 5,000 per car. It needs to expand production and does a series of design and cost exercises.The results are summarized below. 12MBA12 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Time: 3 Hours All Questions carry equal marks MODEL PAPER Max Marks: 100 Part- A Answer Any Three questions 1. a. Define Managerial economics 3 Marks b. Suppose you are a sales manager of an organization. Explain how the analysis of demand contributes to business decision making, in the light of the responsibilities of a sales manager. 7 Marks c. What conditions are necessary before pr ice discrimination is both possible and profitable? Why does price discrimination result in higher profits? 10 Marks 2. a. What is marginal cost? Marks b. Mention the salient features of long run average cost curve. What is its significance in managerial decision making? 7 Marks c. â€Å"Price leadership is an alternative co-operative method used to avoid tough competition†. Comment 10 Marks 3. a. What is Kink Demand Curve? 3 marks b. Critically examine the Cyert and March behavioral theory of the firm. 7 Marks c. What is production function? How does a long run production function is different from a short run production function? 10 Marks 4. a. â€Å"Managerial economics bridges the gap between economic theory and business practice†.Discuss 5 Marks b. Discuss the types of cartels with suitable examples from India 5 Marks c. Describe why Long Run Average Cost (LAC) curve is called as Planning Curve and envelope curve. 10 Marks 5. a. State the Law of Supply. List the f actors which determine the elasticity of supply. 5 Marks b. Discuss various cost concepts 5 Marks c. â€Å"It is believed that a firm under perfect competition is a price-taker and not a price maker† Explain with examples. 10 Marks 6. a. What is the basic objective of a firm? Distinguish between „Accounting Profit? and „Economic Profit? ith the help of an illustration. 5 Marks b. Profit is maximum when the difference between total revenue and total cost is the greatest. How is this equivalent to saying that profit is maximum when MR=MC? 10 Marks Part – B (Compulsory) 7. a. KSRTC (Volvo Service) have a capacity to carry a maximum of 10,000 passengers per month from Bangalore to Hyderabad at a fare of Rs. 600. Variable costs are Rs. 100 per passenger and fixed costs are Rs. 30,000 per month. How many passengers should be carried per month to break even? 5 Marks b. Suppose you are a sales manager of an organization.Explain how the analysis of demand contribute s to business decision making, in the light of the responsibilities of a managerial economist/sales manager 5 Marks c. Construct a hypothetical cost schedule and bring out the cost output relationships in the short run between output and TC, TFC, TVC, AC, AFC, AVC 5 Marks d. The demand function for Pepsi in Bangalore city is Q=400-4P where, Q=Quantity demanded of Pepsi (in „000 bottles per week), P=Price of Pepsi per bottle, Construct a demand curve assuming price Rs. 10, 12, 15, 20 and 25 per bottle 5 marks Part C (Compulsory) 8.Case Study 20 Marks The Times of India is one of the leading newspapers in India. In September 1972, it reduced its price from 45 paisa to 20 paisa per paper while the prices of its rivals remained unchanged. The number of news papers sold by TOI and its rivals was as follows: Paper August-1972 May-1973 3,55,000 5,18,000 TOI 10,24,000 9,93,000 Statesman 3,92,000 4,02,000 The Hindu 2,77,000 Hindustan Times 3,25,000 a. Analyze the case and summarize usi ng appropriate concepts studied 5 Marks b. Based on the above information, find out the price elasticity of demand for TOI state whether it is elastic or inelastic. 5 Marks c.Whether the cross elasticity of demand between Statesman and TOI positive or Negative? 5 Marks d. Find possible reasons why demand for Hindustan Times decreased? 5 Marks Quantitative Methods – I (12MBA13) Model Skill based questions for Q 7 1. â€Å"Colgate toothpaste sales in Banashankari zone have dipped in last three weeks†. Design Research method for analyzing this. (— Management problem + Exploratory research+) 2. â€Å"The training effectiveness extended to employee has to be tested† suggest the type of research? Why? (—–Experimental research) 3. Define the target population for the research problem† Employee absenteeism† 4.Diesel price is hiked by 7 pm. On the same day by 9 pm news the opinion on hike has to be telecasted. Suggest the process of resea rch design. (Non-probability sampling +Diesel vehicle owners + Interview technique) 5. The impact of Advertisement on sales is to be analyzed suggest the tools used. Why? ( Correlation) 6. The bus arriving at a terminal is to be forecasted. Suggest which method is used? Why? ( Probability) 7. The past sales records are available is it possible to forecast the future sales? How? ( Regression) 8. Is it possible to test the opinion given by the gender mix? How? ( Chi Square Test) 9.An opinion is collected between two strata employee on Dissatisfaction. How do you test the difference in opinion among the group and between the groups? Explain( Two way ANOVA) 10. In the research output the value of deficiency of data validation is 0. 25. Then how this value is calculated? ( Multi variate Regression( 1- R Square )= 0. 25 ) Quantitative Methods – I (12MBA13) Model Question Paper Duration: 180 Minutes Max Marks: 100 Part – A Answer any 3 questions 1. a) Differentiate management problem with research problem. b) State the Characteristics of good measurement c) State and explain the contents of report writing in detail. 3 M) (7 M) (10 M) 2 a) Define sampling? b) State the procedure of hypothesis testing. c) The sales and advertisement expenses of a firm is given below; Firm: Sales (Rs. Lakhs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (3 M) (7 M) (10 M) 10 50 50 55 60 65 65 65 60 60 50 Expenses (Rs. Lakhs) 11 13 14 16 16 15 15 14 13 13 Calculate the co-efficient of correlation and comment 3 a)Differentiate between census and survey. ( 3 M) b) The median and mode of the following wage distribution are known to be Rs. 33. 5 and 34. If the total number of workers is 230, find the missing frequencies. (7 M) Wages (in Rs) No. f workers 0-10 4 10-20 16 20-30 X1 30-40 X2 40-50 X3 50-60 6 60-70 4 c) The marks scored by set of students are given below; Marks (Economics) : 25 28 35 32 31 36 29 38 34 32 Marks (Statistics) : 43 46 49 41 36 32 31 30 33 39 (10 M) Construct the regression equatio ns. Calculate the most likely mark in statisticswhen mark in economics is 30. 4 a). â€Å"After settlement the average weekly wage in a factory had increased from Rs 800 to Rs 1200 and the standard deviation has increased from Rs 100 to Rs 150†³. Comment on the uniformity of the wages before and after the settlement. 5 M) b). An aero plane flies around a square the sides of which measure 100 km each. The aero plane covers at a speed of 100km/hr the first side, at 200 km/hr the second side, at 300 km/hr the third side and at 400 km/hr the forth side. What is the average speed of the aero plane around the square? (5 M) c). A company maintains two regional offices. It is interested in knowing whether or not there are significant differences in the proportions of smokers in two offices. In regional office A, a random sample of 70 employees was taken and it was found that 40 percent were smokers.In regional office B, a random sample of 100 employees indicated 55 as smokers. Is the difference between the proportions of smokers in the two regional offices significant? 5 a). State the steps carried out in ANOVA test b). Substantiate the power of literature review (5 M) (5 M) (10M) c). Three machines A, B and C produce respectively 60%, 30% and 10% of the total number of items of a factory. The percentages of defective output of these machines are respectively 2%, 3% and 4%. An item is selected at random and is found defective. Find the probability that the item was produced by machine C. 6 a).Differentiate between Liketr’s scale & semantic differential scale. (5 M) b). An aero plane flies around a square the sides of which measure 100 km each. The aero plane covers at a speed of 100km/hr the first side, at 200 km/hr the second side, at 300 km/hr the third side and at 400 km/hr the forth side. What is the average speed of the aero plane around the square? (5 M) c). Find i) Inter quartile Range ii) Quartile deviation iii) Coefficient of Quartile deviation f or the following distribution. (10M) Class Frequency 0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75 75-90 90-105 8 26 30 45 20 17 4 Part – B (Compulsory) 7 a).After applying the correlation test for the Variables Student performance with teacher performance the computed value for r is determined as 0. 9. Suggest your interpretation of results. (5M) b). In Z test, the table value is 1. 96 and computed value is 2. 0. State the result of Hypothesis. (5M) c). † Increase in sales is not due to only advertisements† Do you agree? What type of statistic test is to be applied in this case? (5M) d). The research involves sample of less than 30 . The analysis is done based on categorical data. To test the Hypothesis which type of test is required? Why? (5M) Part – C (Compulsory) 8 (a).Design a questionnaire to the research problem â€Å"Corporate Adaptability of New employee â€Å" (10 M) (b). The unemployment problem in India is increasing. In this background it is required to sugge st the set of remedial measure to reduce the problem. Suggest a research Design for this problem. (10 M) Accounting For Management (12MBA14) Skill Based Questions (For Part-B- Q. No. 7- 5 Marks Each) 1) The gross Total Income of Mr. Raju who is an employee of a private company aged about 49 years is Rs. 295000 for the assessment year 2012-13, he want to reduce the tax liability. How do you assist him to reduce his tax liability? ) If you are a auditor of a company what key elements you look for to assess the accuracy of the financial records? 3) Which ratio, out of fixed assets turnover and net worth turnover, to your mind is more useful for analyising efficiency? Why? 4) Why do you think Liquidity ratio plays a key role in Banking Industry? Comment. 5) „Why capital is treated as a liability?. Justify. 6) A firm purchases 50 furniture worth Rs. 500000. A financial accountant of the firm has recorded only Rs. 500000 in journal & ledger, but not 50 no. s of furnitures. Interpret using suitable accounting concept. ) â€Å"Balance Sheet is a statement, but not an account†. Comment. 8) Bring out the role played by the matching principle in the determination of business performance and financial position. 9) Is accrual basis of accounting is superior to cash basis of accounting in meeting the economic decision making needs of the users of financial statements? Why or Why not? 10) â€Å"Financial statements are the only basis for measuring the performance of a company†. Comment. 12MBA14 Accounting Time: 3 hrs. for Management Model Question Paper Max. Marks: 100 Note: 1. Answer any THREE full questions from Part-A. 2.Part-B and Part-C are compulsory. Part-A 1. a. What is Contra entry? Give example. b. Write a short on role of Forensic Accountant (3 Marks) (7 Marks) c. Give accounting equation for the following transactions of Hitesh for the year 2009. Started business with cash Rs. 18,000. (10 Marks) i. Paid rent in advance Rs. 400. ii. Purchased g oods for cash Rs. 5000 and on credit Rs. 2,000. iii. Sold goods for cash Rs. 4,000 (costing Rs. 2,400). iv. Rent paid Rs. 1,000 and rent outstanding Rs. 200. v. Bought motor-cycle for personal use Rs. 500. vi. Purchased equipments for cash Rs. 500. vii. Paid to creditors Rs. 600. iii. Depreciation on equipment Rs. 25. ix. Business expenses Rs. 400. 2. a. What is MAOCARO? (3 Marks) b. Explain the need and benefit of Corporate Governance. (7 Marks) c. Record the following transaction in three column cash book. (10 Marks) 1/3/2008 opened a Bank account with capital Rs. 1, 00,000 & cash in hand Rs. 40,000. 3/3/2008 paid into Bank Rs. 10,000. 5/3/2008 Bought Goods for Rs. 3,800 and paid by cheque. 6/3/2008 Sold goods for cash Rs. 2,600 & deposited the same into the Bank. 7/3/2008 Sold goods to Mr. X an account Rs. 10,000. 10/3/2008 Paid Mr. A by cheque Rs. 240 receiving a discount of Rs. 10. 5/3/2008 Received a cheque from Mr. Vikas Rs. 1080 and allowed him Discount Rs. 20. 16/3/2008 Rec eived a cheque from Mr. Santhosh Rs. 4000. . 3. a. List out any six items deductible under Section 80C. (3 Marks) b. On 01st January, 2010, the following were the ledger balances of Gopal and Co. : Cash in hand Rs. 900/-; Cash at bank Rs. 21, 000/-; Soni (Cr) Rs 3, 000/-; Zahir (Dr) Rs. 2, 400/-; Stock Rs. 12, 000/-; Prasad (Cr) Rs. 6, 000/-; Sharma (Dr) Rs. 4, 500/-; Lall (Cr) Rs. 2, 700/-; Ascertain capital. Transactions during the month were; Journalize the above transactions. (7 Marks) 2010 Jan 2. Bought goods of Prasad – Rs. , 700/Jan 3. Sold to Sharma – Rs. 3, 000/Jan 5. Bought goods of Lall for cash, paid by cheque – Rs. 3, 600/- Jan 7. Withdraw cash for personal use – Rs. 200/Jan 13. Recived from Zahir in full settlement – Rs. 2, 350/Jan 17. Paid to Soni in full settlement – Rs. 2, 920/Jan 29. Paid to Prasad by cheque – Rs. 2, 650/- and Discount allowed by him – Rs. 50/- c. From the following information prepare Cash Fl ow Statement by Indirect Method. (10 Marks) COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEET OF EXCELLENT LTD. , Liabilities & As at As at Assets As at As at capital 31. 03. 2008 31. 03. 2007 31. 03. 2008 31. 03. 2007 Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.Share Capital Reserve & Surplus Secured Loans Current Liabilities 50,00,000 15,00,000 35,00,000 50,00,000 40,00,000 Fixed Assets 31,00,000 30,00,000 Investments 1,50,000 5,00,000 Cash and Bank 40,00,000 Balances 2,00,000 1,25,000 60,00,000 Stocks, Stores, 75,00,000 78,75,000 WIP 40,00,000 35,00,000 Sundry Debtors 1,45,00,000 1,50,00,000 1,45,00,000 1,50,00,000 (i) The net profit for the year after adjustment in respect of provisions for dividends and taxation was Rs. 10,00,000 There was addition to Fixed Assets during the year amounting to Rs. 4,00,000 and Depreciation for the year was Rs. 3,00,000 4 a. What is Qualified Audit Report?State its contents (5 Marks) b. What is direct tax? State the Income tax rates for an individual for the Current A. Y. (5 Marks) c. The following Trial Balance has been prepared wrongly. You are asked to prepare the trial balance correctly. (10 Marks) Name of accounts Debit balance (Rs. ) ——4,000 Credit balance (Rs. ) 2,000 —— Cash in hand Purchases returns Wages Establishment expenses Sales returns Capital Carriage outward Discount received Commission earned Machinery Stock Debtors Creditors Sales Purchases Bank overdraft Manufacturing expenses Loan from Ashok Carriage inward Interest on investment Grand total ,000 12,000 —22,000 –1,200 800 ———8,000 ——28,000 14,000 —-14,000 ,1000 ———1,13,000 ——–8,000 —2,000 —–20,000 10,000 —-12,000 44,000 ——-14,000 ———1000 1,13,000 5. a. State the objectives of IFRS. b. Briefly explain the merit & demerits of Human Resource Accounting. (5 Marks) (5 Marks) c. â€Å"Without accounting concepts & convention s, objective, reliable, consistent and comparable accounts cannot be maintained†. Comment. (10 Marks) 6. a. What is window dressing? How financial statements are window dressed. (5 Marks) b. Mr. A has applied for the the position of Financial Analyst at E&Y Co.Ltd. The Head of Finance wants to assess the basic accounting skill sets of a candidate. The following information is provided in form of ratios to Mr. A to prepare the Balance Sheet given in the under mentioned proforma (15 Marks) Total Assets/ Net worth Sales/Fixed assets Sales/Current assets Sales/Inventory Sales/Debtors Current Ratio Annual Sales = Rs. 25, 00,000 = = = = = = 3. 5 6 8 15 18 2. 5 Balance Sheet Liabilities Net worth Long term Debt Current Liabilities Rs. ————Assets Fixed Assets Inventory Debtors Liquid Assets —-Rs. —————- Assume you to be Mr.A, how will you prepare the Balance Sheet with necessary working notes. Part-B 7. a. Being a p rospective Investor, Interpret the following from the view point of Liquidity. (5 Marks) Particulars Current Assets Bank A (Rs. ) 200000 Bank B (Rs. ) 800000 Fixed Assets Total Assets 800000 1000000 200000 1000000 Following are the income statements of Star Ltd. , Mumbai for the years 2010-2011. Trading & Profit & Loss Account 31. 03. 2011 Particulars 200000 By Sales 550000 By closing stock 80000 By Income from investment 64000 By dividend received 40000 60000 12000 7000 8000 14000 412500 1447500 1217000 1447500Particulars To Opening Stock To Purchases To Wages To salaries To rent & Taxes To Depreciation To selling expenses To discount allowed To loss on sale of Plant To interest paid To Net profit 31. 03. 2010 85000 500000 60000 42000 35000 40000 12000 5000 12000 426000 1217000 31. 03. 2010 31. 03. 2011 1000000 200000 1200000 225000 12000 5000 15000 7500 b. For the above problem analyse the Income Statement using â€Å"Horizontal analysis†. (5 Marks) c. For the above problem analyse the Income Statement using â€Å"Vertical analysis†. d. For the above problem comment on the profitability of the Company. . Part-C 8. (Case Study) (20 Marks) (5 Marks) (5 Marks)The following is the trial balance of Mr. X of Bombay as on 31st Dec. 2009. Prepare a trading and profit and loss account for the year ended 31st Dec. 2009 and the balance sheet as on that data after taking into consideration the following adjustments. Adjustments: i. Stock on 31st Dec. 2009 was Rs. 10,000. ii. Debts worth Rs. 2000 should be written off as bad. iii. Depreciate machinery by 5% and motor vans by 15%. iv. Provision for bad & doubtful debts should be increased by Rs. 600. v. Commission accrued & not received Rs. 500. vi. Goods worth Rs. 500 were used by the proprietor for his personal use. ii. On 20th Dec. 2009, a fire broke out in the shop & goods worth Rs. 2000 were completely destroyed. The insurance company accepted the claim for Rs. 1500 only & paid the amount on 1st Jan 201 0. Trial Balance as on 31st Dec. 2009 Particulars Mr. X Capital Mr. X Drawings Stock on 1st Jan 2009 Purchase & Sales Returns Discounts Commission received Income Tax paid Office Salaries Office Rent Advertising Sundry Debtors & Creditors Provision for doubtful debts Manufacturing Wages Bills Receivable & Payable Carriage Machinery Motor Vans Land & Buildings Office Expenses Cash at Bank Cash in hand TOTALDr 7500 12000 86000 2000 500 700 17300 2000 1700 85000 8600 5000 600 40000 7000 10000 1500 6000 2300 295700 Cr 85000 170000 1000 700 1000 30000 3000 5000 295700 Information Technology for Managers Sub Code: 12MBA15 Question Bank (Skill Based questions) A) The regional director of a marketing company wants to have an emergency meeting with all his sales team members and to show them a new protocol developed by the competitor. But all are at far-away places on sales assignments. Suggest how a suitable technology based method helps him.B) Marketing Managers of a manufacturing firm are planning to increase the sales this year at any cost and they are supposed to prepare a proposal to show the management saying, what-if they increase the advertisement budget this year by 10%, 20% and 30% over the last year’s budget. Suggest a suitable Information system which helps them in their What-if analysis and comment. C) Japan is planning host a football tournament, surprisingly for ROBOTS to showcase their technological supremacy. What branch of computer science will help them in designing the ROBOTS to play the game?Comment. D) A logistics company want to provide up-to date information to their client about their shipment regarding their place or location, movement, and time of arrival at the destination, at any point of time the clients want to know about, in order to have a satisfied customer base. Suggest what technology they should adopt to continuously track the shipments and how can they achieve their goal. Model Papers Information Technology for Managers Sub Code: 12MBA15 Time: 3 Hours Note: 1. Answer any 3 questions from Part-A 2. Part -B and Part-C Questions are Compulsory Max.Marks: 100 3. Draw Diagrams wherever necessary to enhance your presentation PART-A Q. No. 1 a) Differentiate Data and Information b) State the different Components of Information system. (03 Marks) (07 Marks) c) Explain the importance of Information systems from End user, Enterprise and Global perspectives. (10 Marks) Q. No. 2 a) List types Information system serving the needs of end users at various Organizational levels (03 Marks) b) State the advantages of Office Automation system (07 Marks) c) With a neat block diagram explain the functioning of Transaction Processing System. 10 Marks) Q. No. 3 a) What is Prototyping? b) Briefly explain the phases in System Development Life Cycle. (03 Marks) (07 Marks) c) Discuss the Application of Internet/Intranet/extranet technology in efficient & effective business communication. (10 Marks) Q. No. 4 a) What is Enterpris e Resource Planning? Give one example. (05 Marks) b) Discuss the role of CRM in maintaining a satisfied and loyal customer base for today’s business firms. (05 Marks) c) Give an innovative, conceptual design for online conduction of examination, evaluation and result announcement in your own institute. 10 Marks) Q. No. 5 a) Define e-business, e-commerce, with suitable examples. (05 Marks) b) Explain the different types of e-business models classified based on producer/supplier-customer /client relationship. (05 Marks) c) Explain in detail the nine essential categories of e-commerce processes with a neat block diagram (10 Marks) Q. No. 6 a) IT enabled services improve the effectiveness and efficiency of businesses in comparison with non-IT enabled ones. Discuss with suitable examples. (05 Marks) b) Discuss the social and ethical dimensions of IT in Business activities. (05 Marks) ) Explain the important security measures that are part of the security management of information system. (10 Marks) PART-B Q. No. 7 a) Design a Hospital Management system, with relevant contents as much as possible (05 Marks) b) Assume that you own a mobile retail sales business and decide to have online web-store for the same. List and explain the contents of your web pages for carrying out the business efficiently. (05 Marks) c) Explain IT involvement in BPOs. Do you feel â€Å"there is no BPO without IT†? Justify your views. (05 Marks) d) Too much dependency on IT may pose a threat to national business interests and security.Give your views. (05 Marks) PART-C Q. No. 8 CASE STUDY (Compulsory) Marks) (20 12MBA16 Managerial Communication Model skill based questions 1. You are a fresher and you have been interviewed for the job of a management trainee at Britannia industries Ltd. the following questions are asked by the interviewer: give your response to each one of them. i. What do you consider your greatest attributes? ii. Name a few weaknesses in you. iii. What are you r long term goals and how do you think you can achieve them in this organization? iv. What experience do you have in problem solving? . Justify your candidature for this job. 2. A fellow student says, â€Å"So I? m not a good writer. But I? m a management major. I? ll have secretaries to handle my writing for me. † Give this student your best advice, including the reasoning behind it 3. Explain your prediction. Will hard-copy letters diminish in importance as email remains a standard form of business communication? Become obsolete? Vanish? 4. Discuss the reasons for social networking? s phenomenal growth. Is this growth likely to continue? 5. Some authorities say that concerns about correctness inhibit a person? email communication. Does this stand have merit? Discuss. 6. Some authorities say that shortcuts in text messaging will lead to users? inability to spell properly in more formal contexts. Do you agree? Why or why not? 7. How would you write a message to a close friend who works for you but: a) Needs to be disciplined b) Is to be congratulated c) Is to be relocated to an equally attractive location within the same city? 8. . Criticize and re-draft the following thank-you message from a college student to a professor who has sent her a job lead. Subject: Thanks Dear Prof.Smith, Thanks for the hot tip on the job! I? m interviewing there tomorrow! Sarah Model Question Paper 12MBA16 Managerial Communication PART-A Answer any 3 full questions 1. a) b) c) Distinguish between Hearing and Listening. What is Grapevine and why is it important? Explain elaborately the Crisis Communication process. 3m 7m 10m 2. a) What do Empathy and Reflection mean? 3m b) What are the Barriers to Communication? Give a brief on any seven of them. 7m c) Explain briefly the concepts Chronemics , Proxemics ,Oculesics ,Haptics and Kinesics 10 m 3. ) b) What is a Dangling Modifier? Give an example. What are the principles of effective writing 3m 7m 10m c) . Discuss the 3*3 writin g process. 4. a) b) c) What is a Business Letter? Explain the formats for writing a business letter. Define Memo and briefly explain its types. 5m 5m Motilal & Co. , a leading garment manufacturing and exporting firm has received a letter of complaint from one of its U. K. clients stating that none of the materials client is in the most important and profitable list of customers for Motilal & Co. 10 m 4. a) Draft a letter to the U. K. lient, pacifying them and assuring the best of services in the future. b) Also prepare an internal communication to the Manager of the concerned department asking for an immediate explanation. 10m 10 m 5. a) Briefly discuss the Styles of Negotiation. 5m b) c) Discuss the various visual aids used to enhance the quality of a presentation. Explain the electronic writing process 5m 10m 6. a) What are the five important aspects that should be considered for a media interview? 5m b) Prepare a press release of your college to gain publication on the just conc luded national level management fest. m c) Apply for the position of Management trainee at ITC Ltd considering you are a fresher. 10m PART – B Compulsory 7. You have been asked to deliver an extempore speech on „How to improve the functioning of your company?. Quickly jot down some points for the speech. a) b) Prepare an advertisement of a new mobile hand-set. Write a creative copy As the GM, you are going to address the Annual General Body Meeting of your garment manufacturing company. Draft your speech. c) Point out the shortcomings in this message granting a claim for a fax machine received in damage condition.Inspection of the package revealed that the damage did not occur in transit. Dear Ms. Orsag: Your May3 letter in which you claim that the RigoFAX391 was received in damaged condition has been carefully considered. We inspect all our machines carefully before packing them, and we pack them carefully in strong boxes with Styrofoam supports that hold them snugly. Thus we cannot understand how the damage could have occurred. Even so, we stand behind our product and will replace any that are damaged. However we must ask that first you send us the defective one so we can inspect it.After your claim of damage has been verified, we will send you a new one. We regret any inconvenience this situation may have caused you and assure you that problems like this rarely occur in our shipping department. Scott Hilderbran PART- C 8. (Case Study) compulsory Barry and Communication Barriers – Effective Communication as a Motivator One common complaint employee? s voice about supervisors is inconsistent messages – meaning one supervisor tells them one thing and another tells them something different. Imagine you are the supervisor/manager for each of the employees described below.As you read their case, give consideration to how you might help communicate with the employee to remedy the conflict. Barry is a 27-year old who is a foodservice mana ger at a casual dining restaurant. Barry is responsible for supervising and managing all employees in the back of the house. Employees working in the back of the house range in age from 16 years old to 55 years old. In addition, the employees come from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. For many, English is not their primary language. Barry is ServSafe ® certified and tries his best to keep up with food safety issues in the kitchen but he admits it? not easy. Employees receive â€Å"on the job training† about food safety basics (for example, appropriate hygiene and hand washing, time/temperature, and cleaning and sanitizing). But with high turnover of employees, training is often rushed and some new employees are put right into the job without training if it is a busy day. Eventually, most employees get some kind of food safety training. The owners of the restaurant are supportive of Barry in his food safety efforts because they know if a food safety outbreak were eve r linked to their restaurant; it would likely put them out of business.Still, the owners note there are additional costs for training and making sure food is handled safely. One day Barry comes to work and is rather upset even before he steps into the restaurant. Things haven? t been going well at home and he was lucky to rummage through some of the dirty laundry and find a relatively clean outfit to wear for work. He admits he needs a haircut and a good hand scrubbing, especially after working on his car last evening. When he walks into the kitchen he notices several trays of uncooked meat sitting out in the kitchen area.It appears these have been sitting at room temperature for quite some time. Barry is frustrated and doesn? t know what to do. He feels like he is beating his head against a brick wall when it comes to getting employees to practice food safety. Barry has taken many efforts to get employees to be safe in how they handle food. He has huge signs posted all over the kit chen with these words: KEEP HOT FOOD HOT AND COLD FOOD COLD and WASH YOUR HANDS ALWAYS AND OFTEN. All employees are given a thermometer when they start so that they can temp food.Hand sinks, soap, and paper towels are available for employees so that they are encouraged to wash their hands frequently. Questions: 1. What are the communication challenges and barriers Barry faces? 2. What solutions might Barry consider in addressing each of these challenges and barriers? 3. What Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) would be helpful for Barry to implement and enforce? 4. What are some ways Barry might use effective communication as a motivator for employees to follow safe food handling practices?